Which condition could lead to splenomegaly in a patient with an infectious disease?

Splenomegaly, or enlargement of the spleen, can result from various infectious processes, making all the listed conditions potential contributors.

In bacterial infections, the spleen plays a crucial role in filtering bacteria and producing antibodies. As it works harder to manage the infection, it can swell. For example, conditions like endocarditis or sepsis often lead to splenomegaly due to the increased demand on the immune system.

Viral infections also frequently cause splenomegaly. For instance, infectious mononucleosis, commonly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is known to cause significant spleen enlargement as the body mounts an immune response to the virus.

Malaria, a parasitic infection transmitted by mosquitoes, is renowned for causing splenomegaly. The malaria parasite infects and destroys red blood cells, leading to an accumulation of immune cells in the spleen as it works to filter out the infected cells and respond to the parasite.

Thus, all of these conditions—bacterial, viral, and parasitic—can lead to splenomegaly, demonstrating the spleen's essential role in responding to infectious diseases and highlighting the immune system's importance in managing infections.