When should post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV be initiated?

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV should be initiated as soon as possible after potential exposure, and the recommended time frame for starting PEP is within 72 hours of exposure. This time frame is critical because the effectiveness of PEP diminishes significantly after this window.

PEP involves taking antiretroviral medicines to prevent HIV infection after potential exposure, and initiating treatment within the first few hours or days of the exposure greatly increases the likelihood of preventing seroconversion. While there are recommendations for starting PEP up to 72 hours post-exposure, starting earlier is always preferable to maximize the chances of preventing infection. This guideline reflects the urgency of addressing potential exposures and the nature of HIV transmission, emphasizing timely medical intervention.

Delays beyond 72 hours are generally discouraged, as the efficacy of PEP drops significantly after this period, reducing the treatment's potential to effectively prevent infection. Thus, initiating PEP within this specific time frame is critical for optimizing protection against HIV following a potential exposure.