What kind of pathogens are typically detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful molecular technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, making it easier to study and detect pathogens at the genetic level. This method is particularly effective for detecting both bacterial and viral pathogens because it targets the nucleic acids—DNA or RNA—associated with these organisms.

Bacterial pathogens can be identified through their unique genetic sequences, while viral pathogens can be studied through their RNA or DNA, depending on the type of virus. PCR's sensitivity and specificity make it an excellent tool for confirming infections caused by these types of pathogens, which is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.

While fungal and parasitic pathogens can also be detected by specific PCR protocols, they are not as commonly associated with standard PCR applications as bacterial and viral pathogens. Allergic pathogens, which are typically associated with our immune response to substances like pollen or dust, are not relevant to PCR testing, as these do not involve nucleic acids that the technique can amplify. Therefore, the focus on bacterial and viral pathogens makes this answer the most accurate in the context of PCR usage.