What is the usual consequence of untreated streptococcal throat infection?

The usual consequence of untreated streptococcal throat infection, commonly known as streptococcal pharyngitis, is rheumatic fever. This autoimmune condition can develop as a complication, typically a few weeks after the initial infection if it is not treated effectively with antibiotics. Rheumatic fever can affect the heart, joints, skin, and brain.

The pathophysiology involves an inappropriate immune response where the antibodies produced against the streptococcal bacteria mistakenly target the body’s own tissues, particularly the heart valves, leading to inflammation and potential damage. Therefore, timely treatment of streptococcal throat infections is crucial in preventing rheumatic fever and its serious complications.

While other options like pneumonia, scarlet fever, and chronic cough may be associated with different infections or complications, they are not the direct or primary consequences of untreated streptococcal throat infections in the way that rheumatic fever is.