What characteristic of HIV complicates its treatment?

The high mutation rate of HIV is a significant characteristic that complicates its treatment. This rapid mutation can lead to the development of resistance against antiretroviral medications. As the virus replicates, it frequently alters its genetic makeup, which allows it to adapt quickly to the selective pressure exerted by treatments. Consequently, this can result in HIV strains that are resistant to previously effective drugs, posing challenges in achieving lasting viral suppression and necessitating ongoing adjustments to treatment regimens.

Other characteristics of HIV, such as transmissibility and immune evasion, also play important roles in its epidemiology and persistence, but it is the high mutation rate that directly impacts treatment efficacy and the need for constant vigilance in managing the infection.